composer 版本号中的 ^ circumflex accent/脱字号/扬抑符 是什么意思?

是控制版本用的 详细解释如下: https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/versions.md#caret 例子: ^1.2.3 表示 >=1.2.3 <2.0.0 ^0.3 表示 >=0.3.0 <0.4.0

另外~的意思顺便说一下
The ~ operator is best explained by example: ~1.2 is equivalent to >=1.2 <2.0.0, while ~1.2.3 is equivalent to >=1.2.3 <1.3.0. As you can see it is mostly useful for projects respecting semantic versioning. A common usage would be to mark the minimum minor version you depend on, like ~1.2 (which allows anything up to, but not including, 2.0). Since in theory there should be no backwards compatibility breaks until 2.0, that works well. Another way of looking at it is that using ~ specifies a minimum version, but allows the last digit specified to go up.

Example: ~1.2

Note: Although 2.0-beta.1 is strictly before 2.0, a version constraint like ~1.2 would not install it. As said above ~1.2 only means the .2 can change but the 1. part is fixed.
Note: The ~ operator has an exception on its behavior for the major release number. This means for example that ~1 is the same as ~1.0 as it will not allow the major number to increase trying to keep backwards compatibility.